Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis 

This is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but it can also affect other parts of the body like bones, brain, kidneys and spinal cord. The infection of this disease occurs when the bacterium enters the body of a healthy person through contact with the patient's spit, cough and sneeze or through food, water and air. The bacterium usually attacks the lungs. Sometimes it affects other parts of the body, including the brain.

Tuberculosis type

1. Active TB  : In this, the symptoms of the person are clearly visible and it can infect others.

2. Latent TB : In this, the person is infected but there are no symptoms of the disease in his body.

Symptoms

The symptoms of TB depend on the severity and location of the infection. The main symptoms include-

1. Cough continuously for more than two weeks

2. Blood in sputum, excessive fatigue and weakness

3. Rapid weight loss

4. Excessive sweating at night

5. Chest pain and difficulty in breathing

Causes

1. Weak immunity

2 .Malnutrition and poor health

3. Excessive smoking and alcohol consumption

4. Living in a crowded place

5. Lack of proper hygiene and vaccination

Diagnosis

1. Presence of bacteria is detected by examining sputum

2. TB infection is confirmed by looking at the reaction of inflammation on. the skin

3 .X-ray is done to see the condition of infection in the lungs

TB is a curable disease, it is necessary to get complete treatment on time. It is treated with DOTS salt therapy in which the patient has to take medicines continuously for 6 months or more. Cleanliness.

1. Rooms of the house should be kept clean.

2.There should be adequate provision of air and sunlight.

3. Contact with patients should be avoided. Patients should be given proper nutrition.

4. Children should begiven BCG vaccine.     

            Medicines should be taken as per doctor's advice.

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