Description
Alcohol and tobacco use may lead to major health risk when alone and together.
In addition to contributing to traumatic death and injury ,e.g., through car crashes, alcohol is associated with chronic liver disease, cancers, cardiovascular disease, acute alcohol poisoning , alcohol toxicity and fetal alcohol syndrome.
Smoking is associated with lung disease , cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Additionally , a growing body of evidence suggests that these substances might be especially dangerous when the are used together , when combined ,alcohol and tobacco dramatically increase the risk of certain cancers.
1. Cancers of the mouth and throat
People who drink and smoke are at higher risk for certain types of cancer, particularly those of the mouth and throat. Alcohol and tobacco cause approximately 80 percent of case of cancer of the mouth and throat in men and about 65 percent in women .For people who both smoke and drink ,the danger of mouth and throat cancer increases dramatically in fact, the combined risk is greater then or equal to the risk associated with alcohol multiplied by the risk associated and age.
2. Liver cancer
During the past decade, the incidence of liver cancer has increased dramatically in the United States.
Although some studies have reported that alcohol and tobacco may work synergistically to increase the risk of liver cancer, more research is needed to explore this issue.
3. Cardiovascular Disease
However little evidence exists to suggest that drinking and smoking together raise the risk more than sum of their independent effect.
(1) First, cardiovascular disease encompasses a variety of conditions, which result from numerous factors.
(2) Second ,although tobacco has been shown to raise the risk for cardiovascular disease in a dose depended manner the more a person smokes ,the more his or her risk of developing cardiovascular disease increase alcohol effect on cardiovascular disease depended on my factors including gender and age.